International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

International Marketing - Essay Example It also ensures that companies market their products abroad to avoid oversaturation of domestic markets. It is also known as global marketing (Bradley 2005). It applies such policies in other countries with the aim of marketing business and its products. With the increase in the use of international marketing in the globe today, it is essential to understand it in depth. It is also necessary to understand policies that international marketing applies to. Some of the policies that this strategies uses include marketing mix, entry mode selection and others. They all aim at competing in the market abroad. The process of internationalization describes the intersection of international marketing and global marketing. Some scholars view international marketing as an extension of exporting products to other countries outside the home country (Doole & Lowe 2008). The paper analyzes international marketing and global marketing together with their impacts on a certain brand in a business. Glob al marketing entails marketing products on a global scale and adoption of similar standards. These standards relate to global marketing. It also entails adopting similar global brand image for the company’s product. ... The environment is made up of the legal aspect, competition and customers which affect it differently. Technology, economic and the political aspect also make up the international market. Challenges facing international marketers International marketers face several challenges as they involve themselves in the international marketing. They make it a little bit difficult for marketers to carry out their marketing easily without facing hick ups here and there. These challenges transform the international market because the marketers have to find ways of curbing these challenges. Despite these problems that marketers face, they still enter the international market to market their products (Doole & Lowe 2008). Dramatic changes taking place in the global marketing pose as a great challenge to marketers. This means that they have to keep up with these changes and trends in the global marketing so that they do not lag behind. Such changes include changes in technology and in the products (B radley 2005). Marketers, therefore, have to keep up with the changing technology so that their products are manufactured using the latest technology. Consumers always want to purchase the best products hence; marketers have to ensure that their products are the best in the market. The international market is complex, and not all marketers are able to meet its complexity which poses a challenge. Competition from other marketers in the international marketing is another challenge that marketers face. Some countries have advanced technology than others; therefore, their marketers have an advantage over the others. This poses a challenge to other marketers who do not have advanced technology because they are competing for market (Bradley 2005). This non-uniformity challenges some

Quantitative Methods and Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Quantitative Methods and Analysis - Essay Example Hence it is important to select optimal level of sample size. The sample size depends on some variables or parameters which should be considered by the researchers. These four parameters are: the level of statistical power, p level, variability associated with treatment, and error variability (DMS, 2006). The first sample size calculator selected is available on the website of Raosoft (2004). This calculator calculate sample size on the basis of margin of error or confidence interval, confidence level, population size, and response distribution. For example with 10% margin of error or confidence interval, 95% confidence level, 2000 population size, and 50% response distribution the sample size according to this calculator is minimum 96 subjects. The second sample size calculator selected is available on the website of Macorr Research Solutions. This calculator calculate sample size on the basis of confidence level, confidence interval, and population. For example, if the confidence level is 95%, confidence interval is 10%, and population size is 2000 the sample size according to this calculator is 92

The development of Tesco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The development of Tesco - Essay Example Table 1 shows the historical timeline of Tesco. The first column shows the year when the events happened. The second column gives more details by revealing the developments which occurred in the business organization. The development of Tesco can be divided into three distinct phases: formation; postwar development; and expansion. The first phase starts with the foundation of the company in 1919 and ends with formal opening of the first Tesco store in Burnt Oak, Edgware, London. Postwar development commences with the retailer's initial public offering (IPO). Rapid growth was witnessed as Tesco opens its first supermarket and superstore. The last phase features the rapid expansion of Tesco PLC both in new product areas and geographic region. Throughout this stage, the company utilized the new trends in global retailing to enhance its products and services. As with any other business organization, the retailer is also exposed to the risks and challenges present in the current global business arena. It is irrefutable that environmental factors are pivotal in shaping the landscape where each organization operates. As Kotler puts it, organizations are now operating in a hypercompetitive business environment where there is a more intense rivalry among industry players and higher buyers' leverage. These factors become the main challenges and uncertainties within which each competitor like Tesco must tailor its strategy for. With its expansion stage,

Harvard Style Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

Harvard Style Annotated Bibliography Essay 1. King, Rosemary. Oxford studies of religion. Preliminary HSC course ed. Melbourne, Victoria: Gary Underwood, 2010. 1-459. Print. 2. Rosemary King is an experienced teacher who worked with government, catholic and independent schools. She successfully completed the Graduate Certificate in World Religions from the University of New England (UNE) and is currently teaching at the Uniting Church’s MLC School located in Sydney, her position is the coordinator of service learning. 3. In the chapter on preliminary ‘Islam’, the topic mainly focuses on the view and study of Islam as one of the major religious traditions as a living religious system. It allows the reader to investigate the religious traditions and belief systems, examine the significance of all relating religious traditions in the life of a Muslim Adherent and communicates ideas, information and issues using the appropriate visual/written forms. 4. This text is written to support the syllabus studies of a preliminary/HSC student for studies of religion 1. 5. I feel that this text was useful when I was researching information regarding the Qu’ran, the Hadith, the Sunna, the Ijma and the Qiyas. The reason being for this was because it explained the purpose of all these traditions and the impact that is forced upon a Muslim by these traditions. Also how they guide a Muslim to living the life by the Qu’ran (Rules and regulations set by Allah, ‘God’) 6. I found that the information in this text was accurate and valid, although it could have been more in detail and less simplistic than it was. For example, when talking about a specific tradition I found that it could have been more in depth and informative.

Paranoid Schizophrenia and Nursing Interventions

Paranoid Schizophrenia and Nursing Interventions Paranoid Schizophrenia and Nursing Interventions in a Community Mental Health setting Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness in which individuals loose the ability to discriminate between reality and imagination, characterized by disturbances to their thoughts, behavior and feelings. About 1% of the population is predicted to suffer from schizophrenia at some point in their life (www.rethink.org), with experience of psychotic episodes such as those of schizophrenia ranging in their duration of a single crisis, to the chronic experience of schizophrenia over a life time. During episodes of schizophrenia, patients will experience a range of what is know as positive and negative symptoms associated with the condition. Positive symptoms include delusions and hallucinations and unusual or irrational behavior (often as a result of the hallucinations and delusions). Delusions can be defined as strange thoughts or beliefs which are not founded in reality, some examples include delusions of grandeur (such as believing oneself to be the next messiah) and delusions of persecution (as in being secretly watched / followed by the police or secret service). Hallucinations are when you see (visual) hear (auditory) or smell (olfactory) things that others cannot. One of the most well known symptoms of schizophrenia is that of ‘hearing voices’. People may also experience thought disturbances such as ‘thought jumping’ (going from one line of thought to another in rapid succession) poor concentration and attention abilities (www.mind.org.uk). Negative symptoms are those which in some way take away from the individual – such as anhedonia (not getting pleasure out of activities which were previously pleasurable) and social withdrawal from social situations and a lack of interest in personal hygiene (such as not washing or changing clothes). Treatment of individuals with schizophrenia can be in hospital (forced through section or voluntarily in some cases) and in community settings, and should involve a mixture of pharmacological treatment (typical and atypical antipsychotic medications) and psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in order to manage current symptoms, and in preventing and minimizing future relapse and crises. Nursing of individuals with a severe mental illness such as schizophrenia within a community setting (e.g. after discharge from hospital or when patients not under section and do not want to go to hospital) will be conducted by a community psychiatric nurse (CPN) who will often be working within a community mental health team (CMHT) from a care programme approach. The role of the CPN has diversified over recent years, and is now often nominated within the CMHT to act as the individuals’ key worker (i.e. who the patient will have most contact with in the CMHT). CPN’s can be seen to be involved in patient care interventions in a number of capacities. The most predominant (and traditional) intervention role of the CPN may be seen in the medication management of people with schizophrenia. Typical (haloperidol) and atypical (aripiprazole, olanzapine etc) antipsychotic medication use now mean that around 70% of patients will experience some degree of relief to their psychotic symptoms (McCann, 2001). However relief is most often not absolute and the majority of patients will experience some form of side effects. In typical (older generation drugs) this is often in terms of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as movement disorders like Tardive Dyskinsia, and although newer atypical drugs are renowned for less EPS, side effects can include weight gain, sexual dysfunction and sedation. CPN’s are therefore an important contact with the patient in ensuring that they are taking their medication correctly, and in identifying patients who may be experiencing high levels of side effects who as a result are at a high risk of discontinuin g their medications. By identifying such individuals, relapse can be minimized by helping the patient to engage with clinical services to investigate other medication options of which there are a good number. ‘Switching’ is a term used by professionals to define this process and it is not unusual for patients to have to switch between medications a number of times, before finding the most appropriate drug / combination. Dosage required is also a very individual factor, and therefore an important aspect of medication management is to check to signs that dosage is high enough to enable clinical relief, but also low enough to minimize side effects. CPN’s are thus often in a position to recognize if their patients are not on high enough dosages. The way in which medication is administered will also differ between patients – some may be able to take their drugs orally, but a number of patients with schizophrenia are on a form of drug administration called depots. These are long-lasting injections of the antipsychotic, and are often used for patients who suffer severe episodes and those who have a history of non-compliance in taking their medication (Jackson-Koku, 2001). CPN’s may also act in helping people come to terms with the fact that they are suffering from an illness, as denial is common in those mental illnesses such as schizophrenia (Fung Fry, 1999), often referred to as lacking ‘insight’ into illness, and so discuss the need for taking their medications. Providing medication related information is therefore an important part of the medication interventions that nurses are involved with, and will often include discussions about side effects, recognizing early signs of illness and other conc erns the person may have. Nurses are however becoming increasingly involved in psycho-educational (Fung Fry, 1999) and psychological therapy (McCann, 2001) based interventions in their patient care within community settings for sufferers and their families. Such approaches have in the literature, been described as aiming at ‘increasing social functioning, decreasing distress, and reducing hospital admission rates’ (Tarrier Birchwood, 1995) These educational interventions are so targeted on helping to reduce distress in more drug-resistant cases, to help both sufferers and their family (Leff et al, 2001) deal with the illness and learn the signs of relapse and symptom return, and as mentioned above, in increasing medication compliance through better understanding and information. (McCann, 2001) Psychological therapies such as CBT and cognitive therapy (CT) have found recognized success in treating many mental illnesses including schizophrenia including when used within community settings (Morris on et al, 2004), as are aimed at helping people deal emotionally with their illness and its associated distress, but also to help on a practical level through promoting relapse prevention strategies and reducing ‘social disability’ (Fowler, Garety Kuipers, 1995) Coping techniques and strategies can also be discussed when CPN’s become aware and gain knowledge into what particular symptoms are causing people most distress. One example of this could be distraction techniques discussed with those who are having problems with auditory hallucinations; one method that is known for helping many people with this is to listen to music. CPN’s often also play an important counseling role to those they support (royal college of psychiatrists,1997). Acting as key workers for people with schizophrenia gives many CPN’s the opportunity to get to know the person, and so are in a position to use the discussions they have with their patients in an intervention capacity. Counseling may help in anxiety and distress reduction, but also will provide invaluable insight for the CPN into what the person is going through, how much they understand and whether they are doing well or becoming ill. All this information will play a crucial role in the assessment capacity that the CPN also performs within the care programme. CPN’s are thus seen to be involved in many aspects of people’s outpatient care in community settings. Especially involved in medication, information and more recently psychosocial and psychological interventions, nurses looking after people with schizophrenia within the community are central to the patients care programme, and act as an invaluable access into mental health services (McCann Clark, 2003) for community patients. References Fowler, Garety Kuipers, (1995) cited in McCann, E (2001) Recent developments in psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol.22,1 p99-107 Fung, C Fry, A (1999) The role of community mental health nurses in education of clients and families about schizophrenia Australian New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 8, 4 p162-175 Jackson-Koku, G (2001) Neuroleptics and chronic schizophrenia Mental Health Nursing Vol.21, 4 p10-14 Leff, J. Sharpley, M. Chisholm, D. Bell, R Gamble, C (2001) Training community psychiatric nurses in schizophrenia family work: A study of clinical and economic outcomes for patients and relatives Journal of Mental Health Vol. 10, 2 p 189-197 McCann, E (2001) Recent developments in psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol.22,1 p99-107 McCann, T Clark, E. (2003) A grounded theory study of the role that nursesplay in increasing clients’ willingness to access community mental health services International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol.12, 4 p279-288 Morrison, A. Renton, J. Williams, S. Dunn, H. Knight, A. Kreutz, M. Nothard,S. Patel, U Dunn, G (2004) Delivering cognitive therapy to people with psychosis in a community mental health setting: an effectiveness study Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol,110, 1 p36-44 Tarrier Birchwood (1995) cited in McCann, E (2001) Recent developments in psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol.22,1 p99-107 Community Psychiatric Nursing Occasional PaperOP40 (1997) Royal College of Psychiatrists, London Internet resources www.rethink.org www.mind.org www.emental-health.com

Comparing Love and Acceptance in I Stand Here Ironing and Everyday Use :: comparison compare contrast essays

Love and Acceptance in I Stand Here Ironing and Everyday Use Tillie Olsen's I Stand Here Ironing, and Alice Walker's Everyday Use, both address the issue of a mother's guilt over how her children turn out.   Both mothers blamed themselves for their daughter's problems.   While I Stand Here Ironing is obviously about the mousy daughter, in Everyday Use this is camouflaged by the fact most of the action and dialog involves the mother and older sister Dee.   Neither does the mother in Everyday Use say outright that she feels guilty, but we catch a glimpse of it when Dee is trying very hard to claim the handmade quilts.   The mother says she did something she had never done before, "hugged Maggie to me," then took the quilts from Dee and gave them to Maggie.   In I Stand Here Ironing the mother tells us she feels guilty for the way her daughter Emily is, for the things she (the mother) did and did not do.   The mother's neighbor even tells her she should "smile at Emily more when you look at her."   Again towards the end of the story Emily's mother admits "my wisdom came too late."   The mothers unknowingly gave Emily and Maggie second best. Both mothers compare their two daughters to each other.   In Everyday Use the mother tells us that "Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure."   She Fahning -2-speaks of the fire that burned and scarred Maggie.   She tells us how Maggie is not bright, how she shuffles when she walks.   Comparing her with Dee whose feet vwere always neat-looking, as if God himself had shaped them." We also learn of Dee's "style" and the way she awes the other girls at school with it. The mother in I Stand Here Ironing speaks of Susan, "quick and articulate and assured, everything in appearance and manner Emily was not." Emily "thin and dark and foreign-looking at a time when every little girl was supposed to look or thought she should look a chubby blonde replica of Shirley Temple." Like Dee, Emily had a physical limitation also. Hers was asthma. Both Emily and Maggie show resentment towards their sisters.   The sisters who God rewarded with good looks and poise.   Emily's mother points out the "poisonous feeling" between the sisters, feelings she contributed to by her inability to balance the "hurts and needs" of the two.

A Streetcar Named Desire: Play Summary Essay

The play itself is linear as events happen one after the other example: Blanche arrives in Belle Reve, then other events follow such as Stanley and her falling out , then she being raped in the event, Stella gives birth to a boy. Finally we then see her being carted off to a mental asylum. The play has stage directions, instead of a narrator. The play is censored, many words are not revealed to the audience as they would be today. The genre is tragedy. The first publication took place in 1947. When the play begins, Blanche is already a fallen woman in society’s eyes. Her family fortune and estate are gone, she lost her young husband to suicide years earlier, and she is a social pariah due to her indiscrete sexual behaviour. She also has a bad drinking problem, which she covers up poorly. Behind her veneer of social snobbery and sexual propriety, Blanche is an insecure, dislocated individual. She is an ageing Southern adolescent lady who lives in a state of perpetual panic about her fading beauty. Her manner is dainty and frail, and she sports a wardrobe of showy but cheap evening clothes. Stanley quickly sees through Blanche’s act and seeks out information about her past. Everyone knows that listening to music whilst feeling down or bad can provide a relief. What may not be known to most people is that music can also reduce stress, make depression more bearable and help you relax.. In this case in the play A Street Car Named Desire Music comes across as being a key theme but one specific tune which is played and becomes known to us as a reoccurring motif is the variousviana which almost captures Blanche at her worst moment and indulges her which leads to her being carted off by two straight jacket dressed people to a mental asylum†¦ A way in which Tennessee Williams using the varsouviana is through dramatic technique within the stage directions we see this is (Scene Nine) [The varsouviana is heard the music is in her mind]. A Streetcar Named Desire: Play Summary Essay The play itself is linear as events happen one after the other example: Blanche arrives in Belle Reve, then other events follow such as Stanley and her falling out , then she being raped in the event, Stella gives birth to a boy. Finally we then see her being carted off to a mental asylum. The play has stage directions, instead of a narrator. The play is censored, many words are not revealed to the audience as they would be today. The genre is tragedy. The first publication took place in 1947. When the play begins, Blanche is already a fallen woman in society’s eyes. Her family fortune and estate are gone, she lost her young husband to suicide years earlier, and she is a social pariah due to her indiscrete sexual behaviour. She also has a bad drinking problem, which she covers up poorly. Behind her veneer of social snobbery and sexual propriety, Blanche is an insecure, dislocated individual. She is an ageing Southern adolescent lady who lives in a state of perpetual panic about her fading beauty. Her manner is dainty and frail, and she sports a wardrobe of showy but cheap evening clothes. Stanley quickly sees through Blanche’s act and seeks out information about her past. Everyone knows that listening to music whilst feeling down or bad can provide a relief. What may not be known to most people is that music can also reduce stress, make depression more bearable and help you relax.. In this case in the play A Street Car Named Desire Music comes across as being a key theme but one specific tune which is played and becomes known to us as a reoccurring motif is the variousviana which almost captures Blanche at her worst moment and indulges her which leads to her being carted off by two straight jacket dressed people to a mental asylum†¦ A way in which Tennessee Williams using the varsouviana is through dramatic technique within the stage directions we see this is (Scene Nine) [The varsouviana is heard the music is in her mind].